Oujda
Oujda is the oriontal capital of the Kingdom of Morocco is. It is a border town with Algeria.
Itself is the land of Morocco door. It is built on the plain of Angad surrounded by the most beautiful mountainous regions of Morocco: the Beni-Isnassen. This privileged location makes it a crossroads between Morocco and other Maghreb countries and North Africa on the one hand and between Morocco and Europe via Nador other.
Founded in 994 by Ziri Ben Attia chief of the tribe of Maghraoua (nomadic group Zéèntes), Oujda remained the capital of his kingdom for 80 years.
Arab historians report that Ziri Ben Attia wanted to Oujda link removal in case of defeat, believing it was safer in the middle of a desert plain traversed by nomads Zenetes to Fez or Tlemcen where the urban population was less attached to it.
Through this city Ziri Ben Attia tried to control a crossroads where caravans from the sea and those joining Sijilmassa Tlemcen in Fez.
Oujda was therefore a node of a large commercial traffic at the intersection of two main roads.
Maghraoua domination lasted only eighty years. Oujda then successively host the Almoravid and Almohad who, in 1208, there arose a new belt of fortifications.
Later, the Meridians of Fez and Tlemcen Abdelouadites made it an issue that leads to its complete destruction in 1271 the king Mérinide Abou Youssef rebuilt the city by building a casbah, a palace, a mosque (Gama'a El Kebir) which still exists today.
Oujda was ruined from between 1335 and 1336 by Sultan Abu Hassan again.
After 1336, the city was built gradually in 1679 the Sultan Moulay Ismail Alaoui did restore some of the main buildings of Oujda, which fell shortly after the hands of tures that ended in 1795.
Between 1894 and 1896, an enclosure was built to protect the city, which then had an irregular shape with an area of approximately 28 hectares polygon.
No changes should be made to its appearance until 1907, when the occupation of the city of Oujda by French troops on 29 March.
Three main gates gave access to the urban east:
Bab Sidi Abdelouahab Gothic door flanked by two bastions above which the Maghzen was hanging severed heads rebel hence the name "door of head"
North: Bab El Khemis. Medina comprised nine districts with different fractions of the population Oujda (achegfane - ahl Oujda - oulad amrane - ahl el jamel - Oulad el gadi - Oulad Aissa - the Jewish quarter)
Medina also included the area of the market (merchant and raking) and the district of the Kasbah (offices maghzen)
Near the Bab Sidi Abdelouahab a souk market MMOU stood every Thursday or five hotels fondouk three mosques Djamaâ El Kebir Djamaâ Heddada, Gama'a Sidi Uqba) a madrasa or college, three synagogues.
In the gardens irrigated by seguias powered by sources of Sidi Yahia Benyounes, people were Oujda vegetable crops.
For safety reasons, the French military camp settled on a hill (572m), which at 900 meters south dominated the medina.
Around 1920 buildings of common interest appear:
- A covered market on the place of Arab Bab Sidi Abdelouahab
- Slaughterhouses near the Kasba
- The Treasury building
- The Court of First Instance
- High school boys and old college girls.
in 1910 the normal way railway was extended to Algeria Marnia of Oujda.
For technical reasons, the station was built three kilometers north of the medina (koulouche village) to 1920, appeared constructions of common interest. Arabic on a covered market place abdelouahab a near abattoirs kasbah, the Treasury building, the court of first instance, the high school boy and former girls' school.
The construction of a new station, decided in 1928, due to the remoteness of the original station, helped prevent any westward extension of the city is stopped by the garden can only grow as a north-south axis.
Indeed, the constraints imposed topography location of the station on the right bank of Oued-Nachef....
